There are two types of missing, or “dark” matter: baryonic (made of normal matter) and non-baryonic. Have we finally found the normal stuff?
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13.8 billion years ago, the hot Big Bang gave rise to the Universe we know. Here’s why the reverse, a Big Crunch, isn’t how it will end.
If you’ve found yourself befuddled by extraordinary scientific-sounding claims, you’re not alone. But this centuries-old lesson can help.
We confidently state that the Universe is known to be 13.8 billion years old, with an uncertainty of just 1%. Here’s how we know.
The theory is accurate within at least one part in a quadrillion.
From quarks and gluons to giant galaxy clusters, everything that exists in our Universe is determined by what is (and isn’t) bound together.
When it comes to predicting the energy of empty space, the two leading theories disagree by a factor of 100 googol quintillion.
There are a few clues that the Universe isn’t completely adding up. Even so, the standard model of cosmology holds up stronger than ever.
When white dwarfs explode, they create a type Ia supernovae. After decades of following the leading theory, here’s the complete overhaul!
The Universe isn’t just expanding, the expansion is also accelerating. If that’s true, how will the Milky Way and Andromeda eventually merge?
Bang bang all over the Universe.
On the largest cosmic scales, galaxies line up along filaments, with great clusters forming at their intersection. Here’s how it took shape.
There are two fundamentally different ways of measuring the Universe’s expansion. They disagree. “Early dark energy” might save us.
It may be time for a cosmological paradigm shift.
Modern cosmology conjectures different possible fates for the Universe and thus for the end of time. Details depend on which model is right.
From before the Big Bang to the present day, the Universe goes through many eras. Dark energy heralds the final one.
Many people out there, including scientists, claim to have discovered a series of game-changing revolutions. Here’s why we don’t buy it.
The Universe isn’t as “clumpy” as we think it should be.
An incredible composite image of Pandora’s Cluster, Abell 2744, simultaneously showcases both our impressive knowledge and vast ignorance.
From the tiniest subatomic scales to the grandest cosmic ones, solving any of these puzzles could unlock our understanding of the Universe.
Perhaps the most remarkable fact about the Universe is simply that it, and everything in it, exists. But what’s the reason why?
On the largest scales, galaxies don’t simply clump together, but form superclusters. Too bad they don’t remain bound together.
Astronomers claim to have found structures so large, they shouldn’t exist. With such biased, incomplete observations, perhaps they don’t.
This measurement is crucial to confirm that one of the assumptions of Einstein’s theory of gravity is valid.
A cute mathematical trick can “rescale” the Universe so that it isn’t actually expanding. But can that “trick” survive all our cosmic tests?
With 1550 distinct type Ia supernovae measured across ~10 billion years of cosmic time, the Pantheon+ data set reveals our Universe.
The Universe is expanding, and the Hubble constant tells us how fast. But how can it be a constant if the expansion is accelerating?
As we look to larger cosmic scales, we get a broader view of the expansive cosmic forest, eventually revealing the grandest views of all.
Empty space itself, the quantum vacuum, could be in either a true, stable state or a false, unstable state. Our fate depends on the answer.
No matter how beautiful, elegant, or compelling your idea is, if it disagrees with observation and experiment, it’s wrong.